对Reimer-Tiemann反应的改进

传统的Reimer-Tiemann反应产率不高(一般低于35%).通过改进反应条件,控制反应过程,使产率提高到60%,并对反应中的有关问题进行了讨论.     

战斗机“滚筒”机动的末端规避效果

针对在线实时计算末端规避策略飞行员操纵难度大、规避效果差的现状,研究了战斗机HGB机动的末端规避效果。首先分析了HGB机动末端规避的原理;其次建立了HGB机动末端规避的数学模型;最后基于典型作战场景,研究了比例导引系数、导弹最大可用过载、制导回路延迟时间和弹目接近速度对HGB机动效果的影响,仿真得到导弹的脱靶量随HGB的机动角速度均呈先增大后减小的趋势。研究结果为飞行员选择合适的角速度范围做HGB机动末端规避时具有参考价值。     

Numerical investigation of the failure mechanism of cubic concrete specimens in SHPB tests

Cylindrical specimens are commonly used in Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests to study the uniaxial dynamic properties of concrete-like materials.In recent years,true tri-axial SHPB equipment has also been developed or is under development to investigate the material dynamic properties under tri-axial impact loads.For such tests,cubic specimens are needed.It is well understood that static material strength obtained from cylinder and cube specimens are different.Conversion factors are obtained and adopted in some guidelines to convert the material strength obtained from the two types of specimens.Previous uniaxial impact tests have also demonstrated that the failure mode and the strain rate effect of cubic specimens are very different from that of cylindrical ones.However,the mechanical background of these findings is unclear.As an extension of the previous laboratory study,this study performs numerical SHPB tests of cubic and cylindrical concrete specimens subjected to uniaxial impact load with the validated numerical model.The stress states of cubic specimens in relation to its failure mode under different strain rates is analyzed and compared with cylindrical specimens.The detailed analyses of the numerical simulation results show that the lateral inertial confinement of the cylindrical specimen is higher than that of the cubic specimen under the same strain rates.For cubic specimen,the corners are more severely damaged because of the lower lateral confinement and the occurrence of the tensile radial stress which is not observed in cylindrical specimens.These results explain why the dynamic material strengths obtained from the two types of specimens are different and are strain rate dependent.Based on the simulation results,an empirical formula of conversion factor as a function of strain rate is proposed,which supplements the traditional conversion factor for quasi-static material strength.It can be used for transforming the dynamic compressive strength from cylinders to cubes obtained from impact tests at different strain rates.     

装备完好率要求和人才成长规律的维修任务分配方法

装备完好率是军事单位战备完好性水平的重要组成部分,人才的成长需要在实践中锻炼,针对我军装备维修任务分配难题,根据不同维修级别的情况,分析维修任务分配对装备完好率水平和人才成长的影响,提出基于装备完好率要求和人才成长规律的维修任务分配方法,建立了基于装备完好率要求和装备保障人才成长规律模型,此方法对于提高装备完好率水平和装备人才成长建设具有十分重要的意义。最后,用实例对方法的正确性进行了说明和验证,实例结果表明,该方法更贴近部队实际,对于部队的维修任务分配有重要的指导作用。     

通信误码率对浮标声纳系统DOA估计性能的影响

浮标声纳受到功耗、体积和硬件复杂度等因素的限制,通常将接收数据通过无线信道发送到终端设备进行处理。由于多径传播、衰落特性以及多普勒效应等众多因素的干扰,信号在无线通信传递中会产生误码并影响最终系统性能。针对复杂传输信道环境下的浮标声纳系统,研究了误码率对系统的多目标方位估计性能的影响,并通过计算机仿真给出了误码率允许的门限。     

扭曲尾翼飞行器气动特性数值研究*

为研究扭曲尾翼对飞行器气动特性的影响,引入扭曲率与平均攻角来表示尾翼的几何特征,通过求解旋转坐标系下的定常状态N-S方程,对十字型布局扭曲尾翼飞行器气动特性进行了数值仿真。结果表明：扭曲尾翼可以增加飞行器的滚转力矩和平衡转速,其平衡转速与扭曲率呈正比关系;随着扭曲率的增大,扭曲尾翼飞行器未转动时的阻力系数增大、平衡转速时阻力系数减小;在临界扭曲率以内,随着扭曲率的增加,飞行器平衡转速时翼面压力分布得到了有效改善,研究结果对于飞行器的气动构型设计及其飞行稳定性分析具有参考价值。     

4点弯曲载荷作用下残余应力与弹性模量比对涂层/基体材料界面能量释放率的影响

采用有限元计算方法研究了在4点弯曲载荷作用下,残余应力、涂层与基体的弹性模量比(简称弹性模量比)对涂层/基体材料界面能量释放率及其相角的影响。结果表明:能量释放率随着残余拉应力、弹性模量比的增大而增大;能量释放率中的相角也随着残余拉应力的增大而增大,但并不敏感,其随着弹性模量比的增大而减小。研究结果可为评价涂层/基体材料界面结合性能提供理论依据,有助于深化对涂层/基体材料界面结合性能的认识。     

When are observed failures more informative than observed survivals?

A framework involving independent competing risks permits observing failures due to a specific cause and failures due to a competing cause, which constitute survival times from the cause of primary interest. Is observing more failures more informative than observing survivals? Intuitively, due to the definitiveness of failures, the answer seems to be the former. However, it has been shown before that this intuition holds when estimating the mean but not the failure rate of the exponential model with a gamma prior distribution for the failure rate. In this article, we address this question at a more general level. We show that for a certain class of distributions failures can be more informative than survivals for prediction of life length and vice versa for some others. We also show that for a large class of lifetime models, failure is less informative than survival for estimating the proportional hazards parameter with gamma, Jeffreys, and uniform priors. We further show that, for this class of lifetime models, on average, failure is more informative than survival for parameter estimation and for prediction. These results imply that the inferential purpose and properties of the lifetime distribution are germane for conducting life tests. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2013     

基于删除平均的VI-CFAR检测器

针对MLVI-CFAR检测器在多个随机分布干扰目标背景下检测性能不好,以及OSVI-CFAR检测器在均匀环境和仅单滑窗存在干扰目标的环境下检测性能欠佳问题,提出了一种基于删除平均(CML)的VI-CFAR检测器(CMLVI-CFAR).仿真验证了CMLVI-CFAR检测器在均匀背景及多目标干扰环境下,都具有比MLVI和OSVI-CFAR检测器好的检测性能,并且其在杂波边缘背景下的虚警控制能力与前两者也基本一致,说明其在实际杂波环境中具有更强的鲁棒性和良好的应用潜力.     

装药长径比对EFP成型作用效果影响分析

针对装药长径比对EFP成型的影响,基于一种球缺型药型罩EFP,利用ANSYS／LS-DYNA仿真软件对其成型过程进行建模仿真,研究EFP成型过程及其各项参数．在该基础上,改变装药高度得到不同的装药长径比数据,并对不同长径比EFP形成过程进行仿真,得到不同装药长径比EFP的速度、速度增长率及炸药能量利用率等数据,为选择最佳装药长径比提供依据．